Fertility Issues in Cancer Patients: An Observational Survey-Based Study

Abstract

Background: Advances in cancer therapy have increased survival rates, particularly among adolescents and young adults. However, cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery can significantly impair fertility, posing long-term psychosocial and reproductive challenges. Despite clinical guidelines recommending fertility counseling, awareness and uptake of fertility preservation methods remain limited. This study aimed to assess awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding fertility preservation among cancer patients of reproductive age using a structured, self-validated questionnaire. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer center over a six-month period. Patients aged 15 to 45 years undergoing or recently completing cancer treatment were recruited. Data were collected using a self-validated questionnaire that assessed knowledge of fertility risks, prior counseling, preservation actions taken, and the psychological impact. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Results: A total of 44 patients completed the questionnaire. Only 9% were aware that cancer treatments could impair fertility, and just 5% reported receiving counseling prior to treatment. Fertility preservation was pursued by a minority of 2%, with sperm cryopreservation being the most commonly utilized method. Female patients were significantly less likely to be informed or offered preservation options. Emotional distress related to potential infertility was reported by over half of the participants. Barriers identified included lack of awareness, financial constraints, urgency of treatment, and limited access to services. Conclusion: Fertility preservation remains an underutilized aspect of cancer care. There is a critical need to enhance patient education, improve provider training, and implement structured fertility counseling protocols at an early stage in the cancer care pathway.